{
  "id": "norm-14938",
  "citation": "Decreto 13590",
  "section": "norms",
  "doc_type": "executive_decree",
  "title_es": "Vigilancia de Reservas Indígenas por Guardareservas del IDA",
  "title_en": "Surveillance of Indigenous Reserves by IDA-appointed Guardareservas",
  "summary_es": "Este decreto ejecutivo N° 13590-G establece el marco legal para la vigilancia de las reservas indígenas mediante la figura de los 'guardas-reservas' indígenas, nombrados por el Instituto de Desarrollo Agrario (IDA, antes ITCO). Se define su estatuto como funcionarios del IDA adscritos a la Sección de Asuntos Indígenas, y a la vez como funcionarios ad honorem del Ministerio de Gobernación, portando uniforme e identificación de la Guardia de Asistencia Rural. Se dispone que deben ser exclusivamente indígenas de la reserva donde laboran, con autoridad limitada a ese territorio. Sus funciones abarcan la prevención de invasiones, la resolución de conflictos internos sobre tenencia de tierra, y la intervención en asuntos de cacería y pesca. Se les otorga facultad de decomisar armas a infractores en estos ámbitos. Se prevé su capacitación anual por parte de la Guardia de Asistencia Rural y la posibilidad de actuar en parques nacionales o reservas forestales vecinas mediante convenios interinstitucionales.",
  "summary_en": "This Executive Decree No. 13590-G establishes the legal framework for the surveillance of indigenous reserves through the figure of indigenous 'guardareservas' (reserve guards), appointed by the Institute for Agrarian Development (IDA, formerly ITCO). It defines their status as IDA employees attached to the Indigenous Affairs Section, and simultaneously as ad honorem officials of the Ministry of Governance, wearing uniforms and identification of the Rural Assistance Guard. They must be exclusively indigenous from the reserve where they work, with authority limited to that territory. Their duties include preventing invasions, resolving internal land tenure conflicts, and intervening in hunting and fishing matters. They are empowered to confiscate firearms from offenders in these areas. Annual training by the Rural Assistance Guard is mandated, and the possibility of operating in neighboring national parks or forest reserves through inter-institutional agreements is foreseen.",
  "court_or_agency": "",
  "date": "06/05/1982",
  "year": "1982",
  "topic_ids": [
    "indigenous-law-6172"
  ],
  "primary_topic_id": "indigenous-law-6172",
  "es_concept_hints": [
    "guardas-reservas",
    "reservas indígenas",
    "IDA",
    "CONAI",
    "Ley Indígena 6172",
    "invasión de precaristas",
    "decomiso de armas",
    "Guardia de Asistencia Rural"
  ],
  "concept_anchors": [
    {
      "article": "Art. 7",
      "law": "Ley 6172"
    }
  ],
  "keywords_es": [
    "reservas indígenas",
    "guardas-reservas",
    "IDA",
    "CONAI",
    "Ley 6172",
    "vigilancia",
    "tenencia de tierra",
    "cacería",
    "pesca",
    "decomiso de armas",
    "guardia de asistencia rural"
  ],
  "keywords_en": [
    "indigenous reserves",
    "reserve guards",
    "IDA",
    "CONAI",
    "Law 6172",
    "surveillance",
    "land tenure",
    "hunting",
    "fishing",
    "weapon confiscation",
    "rural assistance guard"
  ],
  "excerpt_es": "ARTÍCULO 3.-Los guardas-reservas deben ser exclusivamente indígenas de la reserva donde desempeñan sus funciones; no se les puede trasladar a otras zonas; tienen autoridad exclusivamente dentro de la Reserva Indígena a su cuido. En caso de convenio con el Ministerio de Agricultura, pueden ejercer sus funciones en las reservas forestales o parques nacionales vecinos de la Reserva Indígena donde trabajan.\n\nARTÍCULO 4.-... Los guardas-reservas indígenas son las autoridades de las Reservas Indígenas; tienen a la vez un papel de guardas de asistencia rural y de promotores sociales de su comunidad; intervienen en todos los asuntos de conflictos de tenencia de tierra (invasión de precaristas, conflictos de límites, carriles, usurpación, etc.), así como de cacería y pesca; intervienen como árbitros en los conflictos internos de la comunidad; por lo general tienen todas las funciones de la Guardia de Asistencia Rural.\n\nARTÍCULO 5.-Los guardas-reservas tienen autoridad de decomisar cualquier tipo de arma utilizada por los infractores sorprendidos en actos de pesca y cacería en las reservas indígenas; las armas decomisadas serán entregadas a la Delegación Distrital de Asistencia Rural vecina.",
  "excerpt_en": "ARTICLE 3.-The guardareservas must be exclusively indigenous from the reserve where they perform their duties; they cannot be transferred to other areas; they have authority exclusively within the Indigenous Reserve under their care. In the event of an agreement with the Ministry of Agriculture, they may exercise their functions in the forest reserves or national parks neighboring the Indigenous Reserve where they work.\n\nARTICLE 4.-... The indigenous guardareservas are the authorities of the Indigenous Reserves; they simultaneously serve as rural assistance guards and social promoters of their community; they intervene in all matters of land tenure conflicts (squatter invasion, boundary disputes, rights of way, usurpation, etc.), as well as hunting and fishing; they intervene as arbitrators in internal community conflicts; in general they have all the functions of the Rural Assistance Guard.\n\nARTICLE 5.-The guardareservas have the authority to confiscate any type of weapon used by offenders caught in acts of fishing and hunting in the indigenous reserves; confiscated weapons shall be handed over to the neighboring Rural Assistance District Delegation.",
  "outcome": {
    "label_en": "Active norm",
    "label_es": "Norma vigente",
    "summary_en": "The decree regulates the surveillance of indigenous reserves through indigenous guardareservas appointed by the IDA, defining their functions, authority, and inter-institutional linkage.",
    "summary_es": "El decreto reglamenta la vigilancia de las reservas indígenas por medio de guardas-reservas indígenas nombrados por el IDA, definiendo sus funciones, autoridad y vinculación interinstitucional."
  },
  "pull_quotes": [
    {
      "context": "Artículo 3",
      "quote_en": "The guardareservas must be exclusively indigenous from the reserve where they perform their duties; they cannot be transferred to other areas; they have authority exclusively within the Indigenous Reserve under their care.",
      "quote_es": "Los guardas-reservas deben ser exclusivamente indígenas de la reserva donde desempeñan sus funciones; no se les puede trasladar a otras zonas; tienen autoridad exclusivamente dentro de la Reserva Indígena a su cuido."
    },
    {
      "context": "Artículo 4",
      "quote_en": "The indigenous guardareservas are the authorities of the Indigenous Reserves; they simultaneously serve as rural assistance guards and social promoters of their community; they intervene in all matters of land tenure conflicts (...) as well as hunting and fishing; they intervene as arbitrators in internal community conflicts.",
      "quote_es": "Los guardas-reservas indígenas son las autoridades de las Reservas Indígenas; tienen a la vez un papel de guardas de asistencia rural y de promotores sociales de su comunidad; intervienen en todos los asuntos de conflictos de tenencia de tierra (...) así como de cacería y pesca; intervienen como árbitros en los conflictos internos de la comunidad."
    },
    {
      "context": "Artículo 5",
      "quote_en": "The guardareservas have the authority to confiscate any type of weapon used by offenders caught in acts of fishing and hunting in the indigenous reserves.",
      "quote_es": "Los guardas-reservas tienen autoridad de decomisar cualquier tipo de arma utilizada por los infractores sorprendidos en actos de pesca y cacería en las reservas indígenas."
    }
  ],
  "cites": [],
  "cited_by": [],
  "references": {
    "internal": [
      {
        "target_id": "pgr-19932",
        "kind": "pgr_opinion_about_norm",
        "label": "125"
      },
      {
        "target_id": "norm-38110",
        "kind": "concept_anchor",
        "label": "Ley 6172  Art. 7"
      }
    ],
    "external": []
  },
  "source_url": "https://pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=14938&strTipM=TC&nValor3=0",
  "tier": 2,
  "_editorial_citation_count": 0,
  "regulations_by_article": null,
  "cascade_only": false,
  "amendment_count": 0,
  "body_es_text": "Recuerde que Control F es una opción que le permite buscar en la totalidad del texto\n\n\nIr al final del documento\n\n- Usted está en la última versión de la norma -\n\nVigilancia Reservas Indígenas por Guardareservas nombrados por el IDA\n\n\nN§ 13590-G\n\n\n\n\n\nEL PRESIDENTE DE LA REPUBLICA\n\n\n\n\n\nY EL MINISTRO DE GOBERNACION Y\n\n\n\n\n\nPOLICIA,\n\n\n\n\n\nDe conformidad con lo dispuesto por el art¡culo 140 de la\n\n\n\n\n\nConstituci¢n Pol¡tica,\n\n\n\n\n\nen sus incisos 3) y 18) y con fundamento en la le N§ 5251 del 11\n\n\n\n\n\nde julio de\n\n\n\n\n\n1973 y sus reformas, y la ley N§ 6172 del 29 de noviembre de\n\n\n\n\n\n1977, y\n\n\n\n\n\nConsiderando:\n\n\n\n\n\n1§.-Que en el curso del a¤o 1976, se ha creado, en el Instituto\n\n\n\n\n\nde Tierras y\n\n\n\n\n\nColonizaci¢n, ITCO, un cuerpo de \"guarda-reservas\"\n\n\n\n\n\nind¡genas, destinados a vigilar\n\n\n\n\n\nlas reservas ind¡genas.\n\n\n\n\n\n2§.-Que se ha demostrado la gran utilidad e incluso la\n\n\n\n\n\nnecesidad de la presencia\n\n\n\n\n\nde estos guardas, a la vez para impedir la invasiones y\n\n\n\n\n\notros delitos, as¡ como para\n\n\n\n\n\nayudar a la resoluci¢n de los m£ltiples problemas internos\n\n\n\n\n\nde las Comunidades Ind¡genas.\n\n\n\n\n\n3§.-Que el ITCO (actualmente Instituto de Desarrollo Agrario,\n\n\n\n\n\nIDA) y la Comisi¢n\n\n\n\n\n\nNacional de Asuntos Ind¡genas, CONAL, ya firmaron un\n\n\n\n\n\nconvenio cooperativo\n\n\n\n\n\nsobre la utilizaci¢n de estos guardas.\n\n\n\n\n\n4§.-Que es necesario definir exactamente el estatuto y las\n\n\n\n\n\natribuciones de los\n\n\n\n\n\nguardas-reservas.\n\n\n\n\n\nPor tanto,\n\n\n\n\n\nDECRETAN:\n\n\n\n\n\nARTÖCULO 1§.-Para los efectos del art¡culo 7§ de la Ley\n\n\n\n\n\nInd¡gena N§ 6172, se\n\n\n\n\n\nestablece que la vigilancia de las Reservas Ind¡genas ser \n\n\n\n\n\nefectuada por los \"guardas-reservas\"\n\n\n\n\n\nind¡genas, nombrados por el Instituto de Desarrollo Agrario, IDA.\n\n\n\n\n\nLos guardas-reservas son funcionarios del IDA, adscritos a\n\n\n\n\n\nla Secci¢n de Asuntos\n\n\n\n\n\nInd¡genas de esta instituci¢n.\n\n\n\n\nFicha articulo\n\n\n\n\n\nARTÖCULO 2§.-Para efectos legales, los guardas-reservas\n\n\n\n\n\nind¡genas son tambi,n\n\n\n\n\n\nfuncionarios ad honor,m del Ministerio de Gobernaci¢n; portan el\n\n\n\n\n\nuniforme de la\n\n\n\n\n\nGuardia de Asistencia Rural, as¡ como carn, que los identifica\n\n\n\n\n\ncomo autoridades\n\n\n\n\n\nde esta Direcci¢n.\n\n\n\n\n\nSus uniformes y armas ser n entregados y registrados por el\n\n\n\n\n\nMinisterio de\n\n\n\n\n\nGobernaci¢n.\n\n\n\n\nFicha articulo\n\n\n\n\n\nARTÖCULO 3§.-Los guardas-reservas deben ser exclusivamente\n\n\n\n\n\nind¡genas de la reserva\n\n\n\n\n\ndonde desempe¤an sus funciones; no se les puede trasladar a otras\n\n\n\n\n\nzonas; tienen\n\n\n\n\n\nautoridad exclusivamente dentro de la Reserva Ind¡gena a su\n\n\n\n\n\ncuido. En caso de\n\n\n\n\n\nconvenio con el Ministerio de Agricultura, pueden ejercer sus\n\n\n\n\n\nfunciones en las reservas\n\n\n\n\n\nforestales o parques nacionales vecinos de la Reserva Ind¡gena\n\n\n\n\n\ndonde trabajan.\n\n\n\n\nFicha articulo\n\n\n\n\n\nARTÖCULO 4§.-Las candidaturas a puestos de guardas-reservas\n\n\n\n\n\nson presentadas\n\n\n\n\n\npor las Asociaciones de Desarrollo Integral de las Comunidades\n\n\n\n\n\nInd¡genas, a la Secci¢n\n\n\n\n\n\nde Asuntos Ind¡genas del IDA, quien hace los tr mites pertinentes\n\n\n\n\n\nante la jefatura\n\n\n\n\n\ndel IDA y del Ministerio de Gobernaci¢n.\n\n\n\n\n\nEl n£mero de guardas y su localizaci¢n se establece conforme\n\n\n\n\n\na los t,rminos\n\n\n\n\n\ndel convenio cooperativo ITCO-CONAI del 3 de abril de 1982.\n\n\n\n\n\nLos guardas-reservas ind¡genas son las autoridades de las\n\n\n\n\n\nReservas Ind¡genas;\n\n\n\n\n\ntienen a la vez un papel de guardas de asistencia rural y de\n\n\n\n\n\npromotores sociales de\n\n\n\n\n\nsu comunidad; intervienen en todos los asuntos de conflictos de\n\n\n\n\n\ntenencia de tierra (invasi¢n\n\n\n\n\n\nde precaristas, conflictos de l¡mites, carriles, usurpaci¢n,\n\n\n\n\n\netc.), as¡ como de\n\n\n\n\n\ncacer¡a y pesca; intervienen como  rbitros en los conflictos\n\n\n\n\n\ninternos de la comunidad;\n\n\n\n\n\npor lo general tienen todas las funciones de la Guardia de\n\n\n\n\n\nAsistencia Rural.\n\n\n\n\nFicha articulo\n\n\n\n\n\nARTÖCULO 5§.-Los guardas-reservas tienen autoridad de\n\n\n\n\n\ndecomisar cualquier tipo\n\n\n\n\n\nde arma utilizada por los infractores sorprendidos en actos de\n\n\n\n\n\npesca y cacer¡a en\n\n\n\n\n\nlas reservas ind¡genas; las armas decomisadas ser n entregadas\n\n\n\n\n\na la Delegaci¢n Distrital\n\n\n\n\n\nde Asistencia Rural vecina.\n\n\n\n\nFicha articulo\n\n\n\n\n\nARTÖCULO 6§.-Los guardas-reservas ind¡genas podr n\n\n\n\n\n\nintervenir en la vigilancia\n\n\n\n\n\nde los Parques Nacionales y de reservas similares; a este efecto,\n\n\n\n\n\nse firmar  un convenio\n\n\n\n\n\nentre el Ministerio de Agricultura (Servicio de Parques\n\n\n\n\n\nNacionales y Direcci¢n\n\n\n\n\n\nForestal), la CONAI y el IDA, para la utilizaci¢n de estos\n\n\n\n\n\nguardas.\n\n\n\n\nFicha articulo\n\n\n\n\n\nARTÖCULO 7§.-En caso de que el Ministerio de Gobernaci¢n\n\n\n\n\n\nnombre guardas de\n\n\n\n\n\nasistencia rural en las Reservas Ind¡genas, ,stos deber n ser\n\n\n\n\n\ntambi,n ind¡genas y los\n\n\n\n\n\ncandidatos ser n representados por las Asociaciones de Desarrollo\n\n\n\n\n\nIntegral locales.\n\n\n\n\nFicha articulo\n\n\n\n\n\nARTÖCULO 8§.-La Direcci¢n de la Guardia de Asistencia Rural\n\n\n\n\n\ndar  peri¢dicamente\n\n\n\n\n\ncursos y pr cticas de capacitaci¢n y entrenamiento a los\n\n\n\n\n\nguardas-reservas del\n\n\n\n\n\nIDA; estos ocurrir n una vez m¡nimo por a¤o, con una estancia no\n\n\n\n\n\nmenor de ocho\n\n\n\n\n\nd¡as en las instalaciones de la Guardia de Asistencia Rural.\n\n\n\n\nFicha articulo\n\n\n\n\n\nARTÖCULO 9.-Rige a partir de su publicaci¢n.\n\n\n\n\n\n\u001a\n\n\n\n\nFicha articulo\n\n\n\n\n\nFecha de generación: 4/5/2026 14:57:09\n\nIr al principio del documento",
  "body_en_text": "-\n\nN§ 13590-G\n\nTHE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC\n\nAND THE MINISTER OF GOVERNANCE AND POLICE,\n\nPursuant to the provisions of Article 140 of the Political Constitution, subsections 3) and 18), and based on Law N§ 5251 of July 11, 1973 and its amendments, and Law N§ 6172 of November 29, 1977, and\n\nConsidering:\n\n1.—That during the year 1976, a corps of indigenous \"guarda-reservas\" was created within the Institute of Lands and Colonization, ITCO, intended to monitor the indigenous reserves.\n\n2.—That the great utility and even the necessity of the presence of these guards has been demonstrated, both to prevent invasions and other crimes, as well as to assist in the resolution of the many internal problems of the Indigenous Communities.\n\n3.—That the ITCO (currently the Institute of Agrarian Development, IDA) and the National Commission of Indigenous Affairs, CONAI, have already signed a cooperative agreement on the use of these guards.\n\n4.—That it is necessary to define exactly the statute and the powers of the guarda-reservas.\n\nTherefore,\n\nTHEY DECREE:\n\nARTICLE 1.—For the purposes of Article 7 of the Indigenous Law N§ 6172, it is established that the vigilance of the Indigenous Reserves shall be carried out by indigenous \"guarda-reservas,\" appointed by the Institute of Agrarian Development, IDA. The guarda-reservas are officials of the IDA, assigned to the Indigenous Affairs Section of this institution.\n\nARTICLE 2.—For legal purposes, the indigenous guarda-reservas are also honorary officials of the Ministry of Governance; they wear the uniform of the Rural Assistance Guard, as well as a card that identifies them as authorities of this Directorate. Their uniforms and weapons shall be delivered and registered by the Ministry of Governance.\n\nARTICLE 3.—The guarda-reservas must be exclusively indigenous persons from the reserve where they perform their duties; they cannot be transferred to other areas; they have authority exclusively within the Indigenous Reserve under their care. In the event of an agreement with the Ministry of Agriculture, they may exercise their functions in the forest reserves or national parks neighboring the Indigenous Reserve where they work.\n\nARTICLE 4.—Candidacies for guarda-reservas positions are presented by the Integral Development Associations of the Indigenous Communities to the IDA's Indigenous Affairs Section, which carries out the pertinent procedures before the leadership of the IDA and the Ministry of Governance. The number of guards and their location is established according to the terms of the ITCO-CONAI cooperative agreement of April 3, 1982. The indigenous guarda-reservas are the authorities of the Indigenous Reserves; they simultaneously have a role as rural assistance guards and social promoters for their community; they intervene in all matters of land tenure conflicts (invasion by squatters (precaristas), boundary conflicts, access lanes, usurpation, etc.), as well as hunting and fishing; they intervene as arbitrators in internal community conflicts; generally, they have all the functions of the Rural Assistance Guard.\n\nARTICLE 5.—The guarda-reservas have the authority to confiscate any type of weapon used by offenders caught in acts of fishing and hunting in the indigenous reserves; the confiscated weapons shall be delivered to the neighboring District Delegation of Rural Assistance.\n\nARTICLE 6.—The indigenous guarda-reservas may participate in the vigilance of National Parks and similar reserves; to this end, an agreement shall be signed between the Ministry of Agriculture (National Parks Service and Forestry Directorate), CONAI, and IDA, for the utilization of these guards.\n\nARTICLE 7.—In the event that the Ministry of Governance appoints rural assistance guards in the Indigenous Reserves, these must also be indigenous persons and the candidates shall be proposed by the local Integral Development Associations.\n\nARTICLE 8.—The Directorate of the Rural Assistance Guard shall periodically provide training and instruction courses and practices to the IDA guarda-reservas; these shall occur at a minimum of once per year, with a stay of no less than eight days in the facilities of the Rural Assistance Guard.\n\nARTICLE 9.—It becomes effective upon its publication."
}